Oil burner



Nov. 28, 1939, .1. H. JACKSON" 2,181,186

' on; BURNER 7 Filed Dec. 15, 19:56 a-sneets-sneet 1 .IBY

-. ATTORNEYS Nov. 28, 1939. ,J. H. J c ksoN -OIL BURNER File d Dec. 15, 1936 3 Shasta-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS .1. H. JACKSON I 2.181,186

OIL. BURNER 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Nov. 28, 1939.

Filed Dec. 15, 1956 INVENTOR. BY Gem ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. ,28, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER James E. Jackson, Detroit, Mich. v Appl cation December 15, 1936, Serial No. 115,974

2' Claims.

This invention relates to oil burning apparatus, and its object is to provide an improved organization of parts by means of which a more nearly perfect degree of combustion may be attained, due to the thoroughness with which the oil particles are atomized for c'ommingling with an air blast, and the resultant mixture held in suspen-- sion until combustion has taken place, thus reducing to a minimum the precipitation and resultant wastage of the oil and resulting in the production of a burner flame productive of a very high number of heat units proportionately to the quantity of fuel consumed.

In the description of the drawings hereuntoannexed, the organization of parts embodying my invention will be described with particular reference to a furnace burner, wherein a grid and confining, side walls are employed, but it should be understood that the really essential parts of my construction may be employed in other associations wherein such parts as those mentioned are dispensed with.

In the drawings: I Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved construction, showing the relation of the enclosing shell to the actual oil-and-air-handling parts,

as well as the relation of'these parts to a suitable air blower and oil supply system.

Figure 2 is a partly sectional elevational view of my improved apparatus, taken generally along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and looking in the direction of the arrows there shown.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of those portions of the air conduits immediately surrounding the centrally located oil jet member.

Figure 4 is a large scale sectional view of the oil-atomizing nozzle, which is located centrally of the air-guiding parts shown in Figure'3.

Figure 5 is a similar large scale cross-sectional plan view'of the oil-atomizing member, taken generally along the line 5-5 of Figure 4, and looking in the direction of the arrows there shown.

Figure 6 15a similar cross-sectional plan view of the ,oil atomizing member, taken along the line 6-6 of Figure 4, and looking in the direction of the arrows thereshown. Y

A indicates a fire-pot or combustion chamber, surrounded, if desired, by a plurality of air-spaced walls as A and A, the interior surface of the latter being preferably lined with a refractory or hardened clay baille C which, as shown in Figures l and 2, is preferably of an angularly wavy cross-sectional form. A grate is positioned above the combustion chamber E, the lower sloping walls E of which lead to a central aperture,

which fltsaccurately over the truncated conical wall F of the mixing chamber G. For the purposes for which my construction is particularly adapted, it has been my experience that an inclination 'of about sixty degrees from the hori- 6 zontal given to the sloping or conical walls F of the mixing chamber gives the best result. If the walls are sloped at an appreciably lesser inclination from the horizontal. it has been my experience that a flatter and more wide-spread flame is 10 caused, although only at the extreme top of the space actually enclosed by the mixing chamber walls does combustion take place.

Centrally of this mixing chamber G rises an oil spray nozzle member H, which is fed by a 1 suitable pipe I, leading from a conveniently 10-. cated external source of oil storage, from which the oil is adapted to be fed under pressure in suitable and regulatable quantities. In Figures 4, 5 and 6 the details of my preferred construc- 20 tion of this nozzle are shown, and it will be noted that at the top end of the stem H, which is preferably spacedly surrounded by a cylindrical screen or filter H there is located a pair of discs or washers IF and H over and above which is positioned the threaded nut H whose top portion is centrally apertured or cut away. The inwardly sloping sides H of the aperture in the top of the capping nut H should be of substantially the same angularity, though of inverted position compared thereto, as the truncated conical top wall F of the mixing chamber G. This construction results in the ejection of a comminuted oil spray of inverted truncated conical con tour, and of similar angularitytothe sloping sides H of the holding nut aperture andsimilarly of angular outline corresponding to the preferred sixty degree angularsloping of the mixing chamber wall F. 'Ilhe holes H .and the annular grooves H in the discs H and H, together with the transverse grooves H which, it will be noted, are not truly diametrical, also tend to give the entire sprayed mass as ejected in this truncated conical form a swirling movement as it is projected upwardly above the top of the nozzle, this movement, as emphasized, being preferably directed counter-clockwise relatively to the axial center of the nozzle shell H, the advantage and purpose of which arrangement will be hereinafter explained.

I do not, however, wish my invention to be understood as limited to the specific form of oilspraying member herein discussed. This being but one of the contributive elements of my combination herein disclosed, it will be obvious that 2 other oil-handling means might be substituted without departure from the fair and intended scope of this disclosure.

Also leading into the mixing chamber G are a plurality of air conduits, as J and K, fed from. a common source, as L, under the actuation of a suitable air-compressing mechanism, as M. Since these blower pipes open into the mixing chamber G on opposite sides thereof, the stream of air introduced by them thereinto is a swirling one about the axial center constituted by the nozzle structure H. The direction of flow as shown in the drawings, in Figure 1 particularly, being clockwise, whereas the arranged direction of the oil nozzle discharge openings within the central shell F is counter-clockwise, as brought out-in Figures 1 and 8, a very high degree of agitative commingling of the comminuted oil particles and of the air current takes place at the open top of the mixing chamber G and the resultant diminution of the proportions of unassociated and unatomized oil particles produces a heating flame of high thermal emciency as compared with the quantity of fuel used.

Slightly above the top of the nozzle structure and preferably alittle at one side thereof, there project into the mixing chamber one or more electrodes or ignition terminals N, energizable from a suitable external source of electric energy, as, for example, the transformer P. Those portions of these ignition electrodes which traverse the furnace bowl or fire-pot are preferably protected by some such insulating medium as porcelain shells Q.

As soon as a suitable degree of commingling of air and comminuted oil particles within the mixing chamber G has taken place, the ignition thereof is effected through the closing of the circuit feeding the electrode terminals N; and it has been my experience that, in the early stages of the ignition then induced, the flame level, is located at about the position indicated by the dotted line b of Figure 2; but shortly thereafter the ignition may be shut off, the flame being by that time self-continuing; and when this is done it has been my experience that the fiames top level then rises to about the position indicated by the dotted line a of Figure 2, so that the area or zone of greatest flame temperature is located quite closely adjacent the point of its intended application, and, as well, is kept correspondingly distant from the mixing chamber, with the resultant modulation of its temperature accordingly.

A desirable, though not indispensable, feature of my invention is found in the limitedly movable sleeves or turbulence regulators R, which are located in the throat or delivery portions of each one of the air conduit passages J and K. Each 01 these regulators consists of a sleeve provided with a slot or lengthwise opening '1', through which an anchoring bolt or stud S projects. This in a cut-away portion of the furnace wall, makes possible a limited lengthwise movement of the' sleeve within the air conduit to which it is appurtenant to the degree of permitting the forward edge R of the sleeve to shield its emerging air stream from the other one of the conduits to the flow introduced through it until each air stream has been thoroughly and completely introduced into the mixing chamber. If, however, an adequate commingling of the comminuted oil particles and the air flow can be effected without such a strict closure of the air path as delineated by each of the conduits J and K, either or both of these sleeves may be retracted from the position shown toward the elbow of its air passage, so that its forward edge no longer interferes with their early commingling.

What I claim is:

1. In an oil burner of the character described, a casing forming a mixing chamber and a combustion chamber, said combustion chamber being located at the upper portion of said casing, an oil nozzle member positioned centrally. of said mixing chamber, means on said member imparting a swirling motion to the oil as it discharges into said mixing chamber, a plurality of air inlet conduits leading into said mixing chamber in tangential directions whereby a circular path of travel is imparted to the air entering said mixing chamber, the swirling motion of the air in said mixing chamber being in a direction opposite to the direction of the swirling oil introduced into said chamber, and adjustable sleeve members at the discharge ends of said air conduits for regulating the swirling motion of the air entering said mixing chamber.

2. In an oil burner of the character described, a casing forming a mixing chamber and a combustion chamber, said combustion chamber being located at the upper portion of said casing, an oil nozzle member positioned centrally of said mixing chamber, means on said member imparting a swirling motion to the oil as it discharges into said mixing chamber, a plurality of air inlet conduits leading into said mixing chamber in tangential directions whereby a circular path of travel is imparted to the air entering said mixing chamber, the swirling motion of the air in said mixing chamber being in a direction opposite to the direction of the swirling oil introduced into said chamber, sleeve members arranged within said casing and in alignment with the discharge end of said conduits, and means for adjusting said sleeve members axially relatively to said conduits for regulating the swirling motion of the air entering said mixing chamber.

JAMES H. JACKSON. 

